carbon-lang/toolchain/driver/clang_runtimes_test.cpp

// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#include "toolchain/driver/clang_runtimes.h"

#include <gmock/gmock.h>
#include <gtest/gtest.h>

#include <filesystem>
#include <memory>
#include <string>
#include <utility>

#include "common/check.h"
#include "common/ostream.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/IntrusiveRefCntPtr.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "llvm/Object/Binary.h"
#include "llvm/Object/ObjectFile.h"
#include "llvm/Support/ThreadPool.h"
#include "llvm/Support/Threading.h"
#include "llvm/Support/VirtualFileSystem.h"
#include "llvm/TargetParser/Host.h"
#include "llvm/TargetParser/Triple.h"
#include "testing/base/capture_std_streams.h"
#include "testing/base/global_exe_path.h"
#include "toolchain/base/install_paths.h"
#include "toolchain/base/llvm_tools.h"
#include "toolchain/driver/clang_runner.h"
#include "toolchain/driver/llvm_runner.h"
#include "toolchain/driver/runtimes_cache.h"
#include "tools/cpp/runfiles/runfiles.h"

namespace Carbon {
namespace {

using ::bazel::tools::cpp::runfiles::Runfiles;
using ::testing::Each;
using ::testing::Eq;
using ::testing::HasSubstr;
using ::testing::IsSupersetOf;

// NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-trailing-return-type): Macro based function.
MATCHER_P(TextSymbolNamed, name_matcher, "") {
  llvm::Expected<llvm::StringRef> name = arg.getName();
  if (auto error = name.takeError()) {
    *result_listener << "with an error instead of a name: " << error;
    return false;
  }
  if (!testing::ExplainMatchResult(name_matcher, *name, result_listener)) {
    return false;
  }
  // We have to dig out the section to determine if this was a text symbol.
  auto expected_section_it = arg.getSection();
  if (auto error = expected_section_it.takeError()) {
    *result_listener << "without a section: " << error;
    return false;
  }
  llvm::object::SectionRef section = **expected_section_it;
  if (!section.isText()) {
    *result_listener << "in the non-text section: " << *section.getName();
    return false;
  }
  return true;
}

// NOLINTNEXTLINE(modernize-use-trailing-return-type): Macro based function.
MATCHER(IsBasename, "") {
  std::filesystem::path path = arg;
  return path == path.filename();
}

class ClangRuntimesTest : public ::testing::Test {
 public:
  ClangRuntimesTest() {
    std::string error;
    test_runfiles_.reset(Runfiles::Create(exe_path_, &error));
    CARBON_CHECK(test_runfiles_ != nullptr, "{0}", error);
  }

  // Helper to get the `llvm-nm` listing of defined symbols for an archive.
  //
  // TODO: It would be nice to use a library API and matchers instead of
  // `llvm-nm` and matching text on the output.
  auto NmListDefinedSymbols(const std::filesystem::path& archive)
      -> std::string {
    LLVMRunner llvm_runner(&install_paths_, &llvm::errs());
    std::string out;
    std::string err;
    bool result = Testing::CallWithCapturedOutput(out, err, [&] {
      return llvm_runner.Run(
          LLVMTool::Nm, {"--format=just-symbols", "--defined-only", "--quiet",
                         archive.native()});
    });
    CARBON_CHECK(result, "Unable to run `llvm-nm`:\n{0}", err);

    return out;
  }

  // Helper to expect a specific symbol in the `llvm-nm` list.
  //
  // This handles platform-specific formatting of symbols.
  auto ExpectSymbol(llvm::StringRef nm_list, llvm::StringRef symbol) -> void {
    std::string symbol_substr = llvm::formatv(
        target_triple_.isMacOSX() ? "\n_{0}\n" : "\n{0}\n", symbol);

    // Do the actual match with `HasSubstr` so it can explain failures.
    EXPECT_THAT(nm_list, HasSubstr(symbol_substr));
  }

  // Helper to get the names of archive members.
  auto ListArchiveMemberNames(const std::filesystem::path& archive_path)
      -> llvm::SmallVector<std::string> {
    llvm::SmallVector<std::string> result;

    auto archive_buffer_result =
        llvm::MemoryBuffer::getFile(archive_path.native());
    CARBON_CHECK(!archive_buffer_result.getError(), "Unable to open {0}: {1}",
                 archive_path, archive_buffer_result.getError().message());
    auto archive = llvm::cantFail(llvm::object::Archive::create(
        archive_buffer_result.get()->getMemBufferRef()));

    llvm::Error error = llvm::Error::success();
    for (const auto& child : archive->children(error)) {
      result.push_back(child.getName()->str());
    }
    CARBON_CHECK(!error, "Error reading members of archive {0}: {1}",
                 archive_path, error);

    return result;
  }

  auto TestResourceDir(std::filesystem::path resource_dir_path) -> void {
    // For Linux we can directly check the CRT begin/end object files.
    if (target_triple_.isOSLinux()) {
      std::filesystem::path crt_begin_path =
          resource_dir_path / "lib" / target_ / "clang_rt.crtbegin.o";
      ASSERT_TRUE(std::filesystem::is_regular_file(crt_begin_path));
      auto begin_result =
          llvm::object::ObjectFile::createObjectFile(crt_begin_path.native());
      llvm::object::ObjectFile& crtbegin = *begin_result->getBinary();
      EXPECT_TRUE(crtbegin.isELF());
      EXPECT_TRUE(crtbegin.isObject());
      EXPECT_THAT(crtbegin.getArch(), Eq(target_triple_.getArch()));

      llvm::SmallVector<llvm::object::SymbolRef> symbols(crtbegin.symbols());
      // The first symbol should come from the source file.
      EXPECT_THAT(*symbols.front().getName(), Eq("crtbegin.c"));

      // Check for representative symbols of `crtbegin.o` -- we always use
      // `.init_array` in our runtimes build so we have predictable functions.
      EXPECT_THAT(symbols, IsSupersetOf({TextSymbolNamed("__do_init"),
                                         TextSymbolNamed("__do_fini")}));

      std::filesystem::path crt_end_path =
          resource_dir_path / "lib" / target_ / "clang_rt.crtend.o";
      ASSERT_TRUE(std::filesystem::is_regular_file(crt_end_path));
      auto end_result =
          llvm::object::ObjectFile::createObjectFile(crt_end_path.native());
      llvm::object::ObjectFile& crtend = *end_result->getBinary();
      EXPECT_TRUE(crtend.isELF());
      EXPECT_TRUE(crtend.isObject());
      EXPECT_THAT(crtend.getArch(), Eq(target_triple_.getArch()));

      // Just check the source file symbol, not much of interest in the end.
      llvm::object::SymbolRef crtend_front_symbol = *crtend.symbol_begin();
      EXPECT_THAT(*crtend_front_symbol.getName(), Eq("crtend.c"));
    }

    // Across all targets, check that the builtins archive exists, and contains
    // a relevant symbol by running the `llvm-nm` tool over it. Using `nm`
    // rather than directly inspecting the objects is a bit awkward, but lets us
    // easily ignore the wrapping in an archive file.
    std::filesystem::path builtins_path =
        resource_dir_path / "lib" / target_ / "libclang_rt.builtins.a";
    std::string builtins_symbols = NmListDefinedSymbols(builtins_path);

    // Check that we found a definition of `__mulodi4`, a builtin function
    // provided by Compiler-RT.
    ExpectSymbol(builtins_symbols, "__mulodi4");

    // Check that we don't include the `chkstk` builtins outside of Windows.
    if (!target_triple_.isOSWindows()) {
      EXPECT_THAT(builtins_symbols, Not(HasSubstr("chkstk")));
    }

    // Check that member names don't contain full paths, as that is the
    // canonical format produced by `ar`.
    auto member_names = ListArchiveMemberNames(builtins_path);
    EXPECT_THAT(member_names, Each(IsBasename()));
  }

  auto TestLibunwind(std::filesystem::path libunwind_path) -> void {
    std::string libunwind_symbols = NmListDefinedSymbols(libunwind_path);

    // Check a few of the main exported symbols here. The set here is somewhat
    // arbitrary, but chosen to be among the more stable names and have at least
    // one from most of the object files that should be linked into the archive.
    ExpectSymbol(libunwind_symbols, "_Unwind_Resume");
    ExpectSymbol(libunwind_symbols, "_Unwind_Backtrace");
    ExpectSymbol(libunwind_symbols, "__unw_getcontext");
    ExpectSymbol(libunwind_symbols, "__unw_get_proc_info");

    // Check that member names don't contain full paths, as that is the
    // canonical format produced by `ar`.
    auto member_names = ListArchiveMemberNames(libunwind_path);
    EXPECT_THAT(member_names, Each(IsBasename()));
  }

  auto TestLibcxx(std::filesystem::path libcxx_path) -> void {
    std::string libcxx_symbols = NmListDefinedSymbols(libcxx_path);

    // First check a few fundamental symbols from libc++.a, including symbols
    // both within the ABI namespace and outside of it.
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "_ZNKSt12bad_any_cast4whatEv");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "_ZNSt2_C8to_charsEPcS0_d");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "_ZSt17current_exceptionv");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "_ZNKSt2_C10filesystem4path10__filenameEv");

    // Check that several of the libc++abi object files are also included in the
    // archive.
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "__cxa_bad_cast");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "__cxa_new_handler");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "__cxa_demangle");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "__cxa_get_globals");
    ExpectSymbol(libcxx_symbols, "_ZSt9terminatev");

    // Check that member names don't contain full paths, as that is the
    // canonical format produced by `ar`.
    auto member_names = ListArchiveMemberNames(libcxx_path);
    EXPECT_THAT(member_names, Each(IsBasename()));
  }

  std::string exe_path_ = Testing::GetExePath().str();
  std::unique_ptr<Runfiles> test_runfiles_;
  InstallPaths install_paths_ = InstallPaths::MakeForBazelRunfiles(exe_path_);
  llvm::IntrusiveRefCntPtr<llvm::vfs::FileSystem> vfs_ =
      llvm::vfs::getRealFileSystem();
  // Note that for debugging, you can pass `llvm::errs()` as the vlog stream,
  // but this makes the output both very verbose and hard to use with multiple
  // threads.
  ClangRunner runner_{&install_paths_, vfs_};

  // Note that we can't test arbitrary targets here as we need to be able to
  // compile the builtin functions for the target. We use the default target as
  // the most likely to pass.
  std::string target_ = llvm::sys::getDefaultTargetTriple();
  llvm::Triple target_triple_{target_};

  Runtimes::Cache runtimes_cache_ =
      *Runtimes::Cache::MakeSystem(install_paths_);
  Runtimes::Cache::Features features = {.target = target_};
  Runtimes runtimes_ = *runtimes_cache_.Lookup(features);

  // Note that for debugging it may be useful to replace this with a
  // single-threaded thread pool. However the test will be _much_ slower.
  llvm::DefaultThreadPool threads_{llvm::optimal_concurrency()};
};

TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, ResourceDir) {
  ClangResourceDirBuilder resource_dir_builder(&runner_, &threads_,
                                               target_triple_, &runtimes_);
  auto build_result = std::move(resource_dir_builder).Wait();
  ASSERT_TRUE(build_result.ok()) << build_result.error();
  TestResourceDir(std::move(*build_result));
}

TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, Libunwind) {
  LibunwindBuilder libunwind_builder(&runner_, &threads_, target_triple_,
                                     &runtimes_);
  auto build_result = std::move(libunwind_builder).Wait();
  ASSERT_TRUE(build_result.ok()) << build_result.error();
  std::filesystem::path runtimes_path = std::move(*build_result);
  TestLibunwind(runtimes_path / "lib/libunwind.a");
}

// ASan causes Clang and LLVM to be _egregiously_ inefficient at compiling
// libc++, taking 5x - 10x longer than without ASan. Rough estimate is that it
// would take 5-10 minutes on GitHub's Linux runner.
//
// We test libc++ in the prebuilt runtimes below in a more cache friendly and
// sustainable way. Given that, we disable this test by default but include it
// for debugging purposes.
TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, DISABLED_Libcxx) {
  LibcxxBuilder libcxx_builder(&runner_, &threads_, target_triple_, &runtimes_);
  auto build_result = std::move(libcxx_builder).Wait();
  ASSERT_TRUE(build_result.ok()) << build_result.error();
  std::filesystem::path runtimes_path = std::move(*build_result);
  TestLibcxx(runtimes_path / "lib/libc++.a");
}

TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, PrebuiltResourceDir) {
  std::filesystem::path prebuilt_runtimes_path = test_runfiles_->Rlocation(
      "carbon/toolchain/driver/prebuilt_runtimes_tree");
  TestResourceDir(prebuilt_runtimes_path / "clang_resource_dir");
}

TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, PrebuiltLibunwind) {
  std::filesystem::path prebuilt_runtimes_path = test_runfiles_->Rlocation(
      "carbon/toolchain/driver/prebuilt_runtimes_tree");
  TestLibunwind(prebuilt_runtimes_path / "libunwind/lib/libunwind.a");
}

TEST_F(ClangRuntimesTest, PrebuiltLibcxx) {
  std::filesystem::path prebuilt_runtimes_path = test_runfiles_->Rlocation(
      "carbon/toolchain/driver/prebuilt_runtimes_tree");
  TestLibcxx(prebuilt_runtimes_path / "libcxx/lib/libc++.a");
}

}  // namespace
}  // namespace Carbon