carbon-lang/toolchain/sem_ir/file.cpp

// Part of the Carbon Language project, under the Apache License v2.0 with LLVM
// Exceptions. See /LICENSE for license information.
// SPDX-License-Identifier: Apache-2.0 WITH LLVM-exception

#include "toolchain/sem_ir/file.h"

#include "common/check.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/STLExtras.h"
#include "llvm/ADT/SmallVector.h"
#include "toolchain/base/kind_switch.h"
#include "toolchain/base/value_store.h"
#include "toolchain/base/yaml.h"
#include "toolchain/parse/node_ids.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/builtin_inst_kind.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/ids.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/inst.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/inst_kind.h"
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/typed_insts.h"

namespace Carbon::SemIR {

File::File(CheckIRId check_ir_id, IdentifierId package_id,
           LibraryNameId library_id, SharedValueStores& value_stores,
           std::string filename)
    : check_ir_id_(check_ir_id),
      package_id_(package_id),
      library_id_(library_id),
      value_stores_(&value_stores),
      filename_(std::move(filename)),
      impls_(*this),
      type_blocks_(allocator_),
      name_scopes_(&insts_),
      constant_values_(ConstantId::NotConstant),
      inst_blocks_(allocator_),
      constants_(*this) {
  // `type` and the error type are both complete types.
  types_.SetValueRepr(TypeId::TypeType,
                      {.kind = ValueRepr::Copy, .type_id = TypeId::TypeType});
  types_.SetValueRepr(TypeId::Error,
                      {.kind = ValueRepr::Copy, .type_id = TypeId::Error});

  insts_.Reserve(BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount);
// Error uses a self-referential type so that it's not accidentally treated as
// a normal type. Every other builtin is a type, including the
// self-referential TypeType.
#define CARBON_SEM_IR_BUILTIN_INST_KIND(Name, ...)                \
  insts_.AddInNoBlock(LocIdAndInst::NoLoc<BuiltinInst>(           \
      {.type_id = BuiltinInstKind::Name == BuiltinInstKind::Error \
                      ? TypeId::Error                             \
                      : TypeId::TypeType,                         \
       .builtin_inst_kind = BuiltinInstKind::Name}));
#include "toolchain/sem_ir/builtin_inst_kind.def"
  CARBON_CHECK(insts_.size() == BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount,
               "Builtins should produce {0} insts, actual: {1}",
               BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount, insts_.size());
  for (auto i : llvm::seq(BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount)) {
    auto builtin_id = SemIR::InstId(i);
    constant_values_.Set(builtin_id,
                         SemIR::ConstantId::ForTemplateConstant(builtin_id));
  }
}

auto File::Verify() const -> ErrorOr<Success> {
  // Invariants don't necessarily hold for invalid IR.
  if (has_errors_) {
    return Success();
  }

  // Check that every code block has a terminator sequence that appears at the
  // end of the block.
  for (const Function& function : functions_.array_ref()) {
    for (InstBlockId block_id : function.body_block_ids) {
      TerminatorKind prior_kind = TerminatorKind::NotTerminator;
      for (InstId inst_id : inst_blocks().Get(block_id)) {
        TerminatorKind inst_kind =
            insts().Get(inst_id).kind().terminator_kind();
        if (prior_kind == TerminatorKind::Terminator) {
          return Error(llvm::formatv("Inst {0} in block {1} follows terminator",
                                     inst_id, block_id));
        }
        if (prior_kind > inst_kind) {
          return Error(
              llvm::formatv("Non-terminator inst {0} in block {1} follows "
                            "terminator sequence",
                            inst_id, block_id));
        }
        prior_kind = inst_kind;
      }
      if (prior_kind != TerminatorKind::Terminator) {
        return Error(llvm::formatv("No terminator in block {0}", block_id));
      }
    }
  }

  // TODO: Check that an instruction only references other instructions that are
  // either global or that dominate it.
  return Success();
}

auto File::OutputYaml(bool include_builtins) const -> Yaml::OutputMapping {
  return Yaml::OutputMapping([this,
                              include_builtins](Yaml::OutputMapping::Map map) {
    map.Add("filename", filename_);
    map.Add(
        "sem_ir", Yaml::OutputMapping([&](Yaml::OutputMapping::Map map) {
          map.Add("import_irs", import_irs_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("import_ir_insts", import_ir_insts_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("name_scopes", name_scopes_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("entity_names", entity_names_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("functions", functions_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("classes", classes_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("generics", generics_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("specifics", specifics_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("types", types_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add("type_blocks", type_blocks_.OutputYaml());
          map.Add(
              "insts", Yaml::OutputMapping([&](Yaml::OutputMapping::Map map) {
                int start = include_builtins ? 0 : BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount;
                for (int i : llvm::seq(start, insts_.size())) {
                  auto id = InstId(i);
                  map.Add(PrintToString(id),
                          Yaml::OutputScalar(insts_.Get(id)));
                }
              }));
          map.Add("constant_values",
                  Yaml::OutputMapping([&](Yaml::OutputMapping::Map map) {
                    int start =
                        include_builtins ? 0 : BuiltinInstKind::ValidCount;
                    for (int i : llvm::seq(start, insts_.size())) {
                      auto id = InstId(i);
                      auto value = constant_values_.Get(id);
                      if (!value.is_valid() || value.is_constant()) {
                        map.Add(PrintToString(id), Yaml::OutputScalar(value));
                      }
                    }
                  }));
          map.Add(
              "symbolic_constants",
              Yaml::OutputMapping([&](Yaml::OutputMapping::Map map) {
                for (const auto& [i, symbolic] :
                     llvm::enumerate(constant_values().symbolic_constants())) {
                  map.Add(
                      PrintToString(ConstantId::ForSymbolicConstantIndex(i)),
                      Yaml::OutputScalar(symbolic));
                }
              }));
          map.Add("inst_blocks", inst_blocks_.OutputYaml());
        }));
  });
}

auto File::CollectMemUsage(MemUsage& mem_usage, llvm::StringRef label) const
    -> void {
  mem_usage.Add(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "allocator_"), allocator_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "entity_names_"),
                    entity_names_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "functions_"), functions_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "classes_"), classes_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "interfaces_"), interfaces_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "impls_"), impls_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "generics_"), generics_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "specifics_"), specifics_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "import_irs_"), import_irs_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "import_ir_insts_"),
                    import_ir_insts_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "type_blocks_"), type_blocks_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "insts_"), insts_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "name_scopes_"), name_scopes_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "constant_values_"),
                    constant_values_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "inst_blocks_"), inst_blocks_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "constants_"), constants_);
  mem_usage.Collect(MemUsage::ConcatLabel(label, "types_"), types_);
}

// Map an instruction kind representing a type into an integer describing the
// precedence of that type's syntax. Higher numbers correspond to higher
// precedence.
static auto GetTypePrecedence(InstKind kind) -> int {
  CARBON_CHECK(kind.is_type() != InstIsType::Never,
               "Only called for kinds which can define a type.");
  if (kind == ConstType::Kind) {
    return -1;
  }
  if (kind == PointerType::Kind) {
    return -2;
  }
  return 0;
}

// Implements File::StringifyTypeExpr. Static to prevent accidental use of
// member functions while traversing IRs.
static auto StringifyTypeExprImpl(const SemIR::File& outer_sem_ir,
                                  InstId outer_inst_id) {
  std::string str;
  llvm::raw_string_ostream out(str);

  struct Step {
    // The instruction's file.
    const File& sem_ir;
    // The instruction to print.
    InstId inst_id;
    // The index into inst_id to print. Not used by all types.
    int index = 0;

    auto Next() const -> Step {
      return {.sem_ir = sem_ir, .inst_id = inst_id, .index = index + 1};
    }
  };
  llvm::SmallVector<Step> steps = {
      Step{.sem_ir = outer_sem_ir, .inst_id = outer_inst_id}};

  while (!steps.empty()) {
    auto step = steps.pop_back_val();
    if (!step.inst_id.is_valid()) {
      out << "<invalid type>";
      continue;
    }

    // Builtins have designated labels.
    if (step.inst_id.is_builtin()) {
      out << step.inst_id.builtin_inst_kind().label();
      continue;
    }

    const auto& sem_ir = step.sem_ir;
    // Helper for instructions with the current sem_ir.
    auto push_inst_id = [&](InstId inst_id) {
      steps.push_back({.sem_ir = sem_ir, .inst_id = inst_id});
    };

    auto untyped_inst = sem_ir.insts().Get(step.inst_id);
    CARBON_KIND_SWITCH(untyped_inst) {
      case CARBON_KIND(ArrayType inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "[";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.element_type_id));
        } else if (step.index == 1) {
          out << "; " << sem_ir.GetArrayBoundValue(inst.bound_id) << "]";
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(AssociatedEntityType inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "<associated ";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.entity_type_id));
        } else if (step.index == 1) {
          out << " in ";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.interface_type_id));
        } else {
          out << ">";
        }
        break;
      }
      case BindAlias::Kind:
      case BindSymbolicName::Kind:
      case ExportDecl::Kind: {
        auto name_id =
            untyped_inst.As<AnyBindNameOrExportDecl>().entity_name_id;
        out << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(
            sem_ir.entity_names().Get(name_id).name_id);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(ClassType inst): {
        auto class_name_id = sem_ir.classes().Get(inst.class_id).name_id;
        out << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(class_name_id);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(ConstType inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "const ";

          // Add parentheses if required.
          auto inner_type_inst_id = sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.inner_id);
          if (GetTypePrecedence(sem_ir.insts().Get(inner_type_inst_id).kind()) <
              GetTypePrecedence(SemIR::ConstType::Kind)) {
            out << "(";
            steps.push_back(step.Next());
          }

          push_inst_id(inner_type_inst_id);
        } else if (step.index == 1) {
          out << ")";
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(FacetTypeAccess inst): {
        // Print `T as type` as simply `T`.
        push_inst_id(inst.facet_id);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(FloatType inst): {
        // TODO: Is this okay?
        if (step.index == 1) {
          out << ")";
        } else if (auto width_value =
                       sem_ir.insts().TryGetAs<IntLiteral>(inst.bit_width_id)) {
          out << "f";
          sem_ir.ints().Get(width_value->int_id).print(out, /*isSigned=*/false);
        } else {
          out << "Core.Float(";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(inst.bit_width_id);
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(FunctionType inst): {
        auto fn_name_id = sem_ir.functions().Get(inst.function_id).name_id;
        out << "<type of " << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(fn_name_id) << ">";
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(GenericClassType inst): {
        auto class_name_id = sem_ir.classes().Get(inst.class_id).name_id;
        out << "<type of " << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(class_name_id) << ">";
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(GenericInterfaceType inst): {
        auto interface_name_id =
            sem_ir.interfaces().Get(inst.interface_id).name_id;
        out << "<type of " << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(interface_name_id)
            << ">";
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(InterfaceType inst): {
        auto interface_name_id =
            sem_ir.interfaces().Get(inst.interface_id).name_id;
        out << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(interface_name_id);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(IntType inst): {
        if (step.index == 1) {
          out << ")";
        } else if (auto width_value =
                       sem_ir.insts().TryGetAs<IntLiteral>(inst.bit_width_id)) {
          out << (inst.int_kind.is_signed() ? "i" : "u");
          sem_ir.ints().Get(width_value->int_id).print(out, /*isSigned=*/false);
        } else {
          out << (inst.int_kind.is_signed() ? "Core.Int(" : "Core.UInt(");
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(inst.bit_width_id);
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(NameRef inst): {
        out << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(inst.name_id);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(PointerType inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.pointee_id));
        } else if (step.index == 1) {
          out << "*";
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(StructType inst): {
        auto refs = sem_ir.inst_blocks().Get(inst.fields_id);
        if (refs.empty()) {
          out << "{}";
          break;
        } else if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "{";
        } else if (step.index < static_cast<int>(refs.size())) {
          out << ", ";
        } else {
          out << "}";
          break;
        }

        steps.push_back(step.Next());
        push_inst_id(refs[step.index]);
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(StructTypeField inst): {
        out << "." << sem_ir.names().GetFormatted(inst.name_id) << ": ";
        push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.field_type_id));
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(TupleType inst): {
        auto refs = sem_ir.type_blocks().Get(inst.elements_id);
        if (refs.empty()) {
          out << "()";
          break;
        } else if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "(";
        } else if (step.index < static_cast<int>(refs.size())) {
          out << ", ";
        } else {
          // A tuple of one element has a comma to disambiguate from an
          // expression.
          if (step.index == 1) {
            out << ",";
          }
          out << ")";
          break;
        }
        steps.push_back(step.Next());
        push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(refs[step.index]));
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(UnboundElementType inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "<unbound element of class ";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(inst.class_type_id));
        } else {
          out << ">";
        }
        break;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(WhereExpr inst): {
        if (step.index == 0) {
          out << "<where restriction on ";
          steps.push_back(step.Next());
          TypeId type_id = sem_ir.insts().Get(inst.period_self_id).type_id();
          push_inst_id(sem_ir.types().GetInstId(type_id));
          // TODO: also output restrictions from the inst block
          // inst.requirements_id
        } else {
          out << ">";
        }
        break;
      }
      case AdaptDecl::Kind:
      case AddrOf::Kind:
      case AddrPattern::Kind:
      case ArrayIndex::Kind:
      case ArrayInit::Kind:
      case AsCompatible::Kind:
      case Assign::Kind:
      case AssociatedConstantDecl::Kind:
      case AssociatedEntity::Kind:
      case BaseDecl::Kind:
      case BindingPattern::Kind:
      case BindName::Kind:
      case BindValue::Kind:
      case BlockArg::Kind:
      case BoolLiteral::Kind:
      case BoundMethod::Kind:
      case Branch::Kind:
      case BranchIf::Kind:
      case BranchWithArg::Kind:
      case BuiltinInst::Kind:
      case Call::Kind:
      case ClassDecl::Kind:
      case ClassElementAccess::Kind:
      case ClassInit::Kind:
      case CompleteTypeWitness::Kind:
      case Converted::Kind:
      case Deref::Kind:
      case FieldDecl::Kind:
      case FloatLiteral::Kind:
      case FunctionDecl::Kind:
      case ImplDecl::Kind:
      case ImportDecl::Kind:
      case ImportRefLoaded::Kind:
      case ImportRefUnloaded::Kind:
      case InitializeFrom::Kind:
      case SpecificConstant::Kind:
      case InterfaceDecl::Kind:
      case InterfaceWitness::Kind:
      case InterfaceWitnessAccess::Kind:
      case IntLiteral::Kind:
      case Namespace::Kind:
      case Param::Kind:
      case RequirementEquivalent::Kind:
      case RequirementImpls::Kind:
      case RequirementRewrite::Kind:
      case Return::Kind:
      case ReturnExpr::Kind:
      case SpliceBlock::Kind:
      case StringLiteral::Kind:
      case StructAccess::Kind:
      case StructLiteral::Kind:
      case StructInit::Kind:
      case StructValue::Kind:
      case SymbolicBindingPattern::Kind:
      case Temporary::Kind:
      case TemporaryStorage::Kind:
      case TupleAccess::Kind:
      case TupleLiteral::Kind:
      case TupleInit::Kind:
      case TupleValue::Kind:
      case UnaryOperatorNot::Kind:
      case ValueAsRef::Kind:
      case ValueOfInitializer::Kind:
      case VarStorage::Kind:
        // We don't know how to print this instruction, but it might have a
        // constant value that we can print.
        auto const_inst_id =
            sem_ir.constant_values().GetConstantInstId(step.inst_id);
        if (const_inst_id.is_valid() && const_inst_id != step.inst_id) {
          push_inst_id(const_inst_id);
          break;
        }

        // We don't need to handle stringification for instructions that don't
        // show up in errors, but make it clear what's going on so that it's
        // clearer when stringification is needed.
        out << "<cannot stringify " << step.inst_id << ">";
        break;
    }
  }

  return str;
}

auto File::StringifyType(TypeId type_id) const -> std::string {
  return StringifyTypeExprImpl(*this, types().GetInstId(type_id));
}

auto File::StringifyType(ConstantId type_const_id) const -> std::string {
  return StringifyTypeExprImpl(*this,
                               constant_values().GetInstId(type_const_id));
}

auto File::StringifyTypeExpr(InstId outer_inst_id) const -> std::string {
  return StringifyTypeExprImpl(*this, outer_inst_id);
}

auto GetExprCategory(const File& file, InstId inst_id) -> ExprCategory {
  const File* ir = &file;

  // The overall expression category if the current instruction is a value
  // expression.
  ExprCategory value_category = ExprCategory::Value;

  while (true) {
    auto untyped_inst = ir->insts().Get(inst_id);
    CARBON_KIND_SWITCH(untyped_inst) {
      case AdaptDecl::Kind:
      case Assign::Kind:
      case BaseDecl::Kind:
      case BindingPattern::Kind:
      case Branch::Kind:
      case BranchIf::Kind:
      case BranchWithArg::Kind:
      case FieldDecl::Kind:
      case FunctionDecl::Kind:
      case ImplDecl::Kind:
      case Namespace::Kind:
      case RequirementEquivalent::Kind:
      case RequirementImpls::Kind:
      case RequirementRewrite::Kind:
      case Return::Kind:
      case ReturnExpr::Kind:
      case StructTypeField::Kind:
      case SymbolicBindingPattern::Kind:
        return ExprCategory::NotExpr;

      case ImportRefUnloaded::Kind:
      case ImportRefLoaded::Kind: {
        auto import_ir_inst = ir->import_ir_insts().Get(
            untyped_inst.As<SemIR::AnyImportRef>().import_ir_inst_id);
        ir = ir->import_irs().Get(import_ir_inst.ir_id).sem_ir;
        inst_id = import_ir_inst.inst_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(AsCompatible inst): {
        inst_id = inst.source_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(BindAlias inst): {
        inst_id = inst.value_id;
        continue;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(ExportDecl inst): {
        inst_id = inst.value_id;
        continue;
      }
      case CARBON_KIND(NameRef inst): {
        inst_id = inst.value_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(Converted inst): {
        inst_id = inst.result_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(SpecificConstant inst): {
        inst_id = inst.inst_id;
        continue;
      }

      case AddrOf::Kind:
      case AddrPattern::Kind:
      case ArrayType::Kind:
      case AssociatedConstantDecl::Kind:
      case AssociatedEntity::Kind:
      case AssociatedEntityType::Kind:
      case BindSymbolicName::Kind:
      case BindValue::Kind:
      case BlockArg::Kind:
      case BoolLiteral::Kind:
      case BoundMethod::Kind:
      case ClassDecl::Kind:
      case ClassType::Kind:
      case CompleteTypeWitness::Kind:
      case ConstType::Kind:
      case FacetTypeAccess::Kind:
      case FloatLiteral::Kind:
      case FloatType::Kind:
      case FunctionType::Kind:
      case GenericClassType::Kind:
      case GenericInterfaceType::Kind:
      case ImportDecl::Kind:
      case InterfaceDecl::Kind:
      case InterfaceType::Kind:
      case InterfaceWitness::Kind:
      case InterfaceWitnessAccess::Kind:
      case IntLiteral::Kind:
      case IntType::Kind:
      case Param::Kind:
      case PointerType::Kind:
      case StringLiteral::Kind:
      case StructValue::Kind:
      case StructType::Kind:
      case TupleValue::Kind:
      case TupleType::Kind:
      case UnaryOperatorNot::Kind:
      case UnboundElementType::Kind:
      case ValueOfInitializer::Kind:
      case WhereExpr::Kind:
        return value_category;

      case CARBON_KIND(BuiltinInst inst): {
        if (inst.builtin_inst_kind == BuiltinInstKind::Error) {
          return ExprCategory::Error;
        }
        return value_category;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(BindName inst): {
        inst_id = inst.value_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(ArrayIndex inst): {
        inst_id = inst.array_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(ClassElementAccess inst): {
        inst_id = inst.base_id;
        // A value of class type is a pointer to an object representation.
        // Therefore, if the base is a value, the result is an ephemeral
        // reference.
        value_category = ExprCategory::EphemeralRef;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(StructAccess inst): {
        inst_id = inst.struct_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(TupleAccess inst): {
        inst_id = inst.tuple_id;
        continue;
      }

      case CARBON_KIND(SpliceBlock inst): {
        inst_id = inst.result_id;
        continue;
      }

      case StructLiteral::Kind:
      case TupleLiteral::Kind:
        return ExprCategory::Mixed;

      case ArrayInit::Kind:
      case Call::Kind:
      case InitializeFrom::Kind:
      case ClassInit::Kind:
      case StructInit::Kind:
      case TupleInit::Kind:
        return ExprCategory::Initializing;

      case Deref::Kind:
      case VarStorage::Kind:
        return ExprCategory::DurableRef;

      case Temporary::Kind:
      case TemporaryStorage::Kind:
      case ValueAsRef::Kind:
        return ExprCategory::EphemeralRef;
    }
  }
}

}  // namespace Carbon::SemIR